Lo prometido es deuda y aquí os dejamos nuestro segundo post, en el que sin querer ser exhaustivos (esto nos llevaría más de lo deseado) intentamos dar unas breves pinceladas de los pasos más importantes para internacionalizar una empresa con éxito.
Pero para empezar ¿Qué es la internacionalización de empresas?
Se trata del proceso por el cual una empresa comienza a operar en el mercado extranjero (fuera del país de origen de la empresa), extendiendo su comercio y productos y servicios y compitiendo con otras empresas del sector a nivel internacional.
Cada vez más empresas optan por internacionalizarse, y es un proceso cada vez más importante en el mercado. Es una forma de seguir creciendo como empresa, obtener nuevos clientes y vender cada vez más alrededor del mundo, si se usa la estrategia correcta.
6 Claves para internacionalizar una empresa
1.Definir una estrategia de internacionalización adecuada a las capacidades y recursos de la empresa – Asesoría exportación
Formas de posicionarse en los mercados internacionales hay muchas, pero no todas son las adecuadas para cada empresa. Es necesario analizar y realizar un estudio en detalle de las funcionalidades y la cultura de la compañía para poder seleccionar la mejor forma de acceder a los mercados a nivel global; Existen modelos en los que la venta por Internet es el canal adecuado, hay otros que abogan por la apertura de oficinas en destino (propias o en franquicia), y otros se posicionan a través del modelo de distribuidor en destino, por ejemplo.
Por tanto, es necesario para internacionalizar una empresa, no sólo realizar un diagnóstico interno y un análisis del contexto de la organización, sino detectar y desarrollar la forma idónea en la que resulte un menor coste de adaptación a las nuevas circunstancias, sin perder eficiencia en la gestión. Porque cambios va a ser necesario acometer y realizar, por tanto, hacer que estos impliquen el menor coste de adaptación es un requisito esencial que siempre deberemos tener en cuenta.
2.Revisar y adaptar el producto o el servicio
El producto o servicio que ha funcionado en el mercado nacional no tiene por qué ser el idóneo para otros consumidores, cuyas necesidades y expectativas son distintas, como lo es la base sociocultural de los países a donde nos dirigimos.
Saber qué demandarán nuestros futuros clientes es imprescindible, y es, el primer paso para poder adaptar nuestro producto o servicio a sus necesidades.
Adicionalmente, la regulación en destino puede ser un elemento a tener en cuenta, por ejemplo, respecto a las características de la fórmula, el packaging o a la certificación Halal en países islámicos.
Por otro lado, va a ser necesario preparar la empresa para un escenario de incremento en la demanda de pedidos desde el mercado internacional. Analizar la capacidad de producción, el estocaje, las caducidades, los trámites aduaneros o la logística, se considera un elemento indispensable para minimizar los riesgos existentes.
Por último, los idiomas y la capacidad de comunicación, tanto para establecer relaciones comerciales con otros países como para adaptar el producto al idioma del país de destino.
3.Atentos al marco regulatorio y las tendencias políticas de los países de destino
Muchos proyectos para internacionalizar una empresa se han visto afectados por cambios políticos que, por ejemplo, han supuesto un incremento de los aranceles a la exportación. Si bien, no es posible visualizar qué va a ocurrir en el futuro, si podemos estar muy atentos a la deriva política de un país y adelantarnos a los acontecimientos.
Por su parte el marco regulatorio de un país puede diferir mucho. Conocer los requisitos normativos relacionados con el país de destino, es imprescindible para anticiparse a los riesgos existentes.
4.Foco en la competencia
Conocer a tus competidores y analizar sus estrategias y operaciones comerciales y de marketing es indispensable a la hora de internacionalizar una empresa. Ellos ya han recorrido un camino que tú estás empezando. No se trata de copiar o aspirar a igualarlo, se trata de analizar donde están y cómo han conseguido llegar ahí, para poder diferenciarse y aportar al mercado aquello que ellos aún no han identificado como valor.
5.Prospectar, prospectar, prospectar
Las ventas internacionales se basan fundamentalmente en las relaciones sociales, en número y calidad. Amar el teléfono y estar dispuesto a convivir 12/24 horas con él es algo fundamental para asegurar el éxito de un proyecto internacional. Poder llegar a las personas que realmente asumen un compromiso con nuestro producto, son confiables y mantienen un interés por el mutuo crecimiento, es una tarea ardua que solo se materializa con esfuerzo y tiempo.
6.Definir el modelo de estructura orgánica: Departamento de Exportación vs Outsourcing
Otro elemento fundamental, es decidir la estructura orgánica de la empresa con tiempo suficiente para poder ser reactivo al previsible incremento de las ventas. En este sentido, es fundamental tomar decisiones respecto de quién va a liderar el proceso de salida a los mercados.
· Mi propio departamento de Exportación
· Un servicio de Outsourcing, que se integra como un elemento más de la empresa
Ambas opciones presentan ventajas e inconvenientes, si bien, sobre todo al principio, hay claras ventajas del Outsourcing respecto del departamento de Exportación propio.
La primera y fundamental, es la experiencia en mercados internacionales y la fuerza de ventas especializada que el outsourcing aporta. Esta experiencia se pone de manifiesto desde el primer minuto, por lo que el esfuerzo y el tiempo requeridos para obtener resultados se acorta sustancialmente.
La segunda ventaja, es que los objetivos de ventas se establecen por contrato, por lo que la empresa puede proyectar el crecimiento esperado en las ventas.
La tercera, sería la autofinanciación del proyecto, ya que él mismo se financia conforme se materializan las ventas (Pago por resultados), es decir, el retorno de la inversión es casi inmediato.
Por último la empresa no hace frente a unos costes salariales que se consolidan con el tiempo, se trata, por tanto, de una relación mercantil que se puede finalizar en cualquier momento.
El proceso natural de internacionalizar una empresa es que conforme se desarrolla una red exterior de ventas, la empresa gana experiencia y conocimiento en otros mercados y puede, si lo desea, desarrollar su propio departamento internacional, pero ahora sí con plenas capacidades y evitando la mayor parte de los riesgos inherentes al proceso.
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